Compiled by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the report indicates that resistance to antimicrobials was observed in zoonotic bacteria, such as Salmonella and Campylobacter, which may cause infectious diseases transmissible between animals and humans and which can be found in foods. The report also presents antimicrobial resistance data for non-disease causing bacteria such as indicator E. coli and Enterococci, which usually do not cause disease in humans. The report makes an important contribution to current work being carried out at European level and the findings will be considered by the European Commission as it develops its forthcoming proposals for action to fight antimicrobial resistance. The report, based on 2009 data, shows that a high proportion of Campylobacter in humans is resistant to a critically important antibiotic for the treatment of human diseases: ciprofloxacin, which belongs to the fluoroquinolones group. In animals, a high or moderate proportion of Salmonella (in chickens), Campylobacter and non-disease-causing E. coli was also found to be resistant to this antibiotic. Campylobacter: In humans, high levels of resistance were recorded for the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin (47pc) as well as for resistance to ampicillin (43pc) and nalidixic acid (40pc). Resistance to another important antimicrobial – erythromycin – was low (3.1pc). Salmonella: The report shows that resistance to common antimicrobials like ampicillin, tetracycline and sulphonamide was moderate, with around 20pc of the tested bacteria considered resistant. Resistance to clinically important antimicrobials – third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones – was below 10pc. E. coli: The report did not include data on resistance to antimicrobials in E. coli in humans.